The unprecedented number of cyberattacks on the information infrastructure, including critical information infrastructure (CII) facilities in 2022, requires government agencies and businesses to have a clear coordinated position on countering cyberattacks and ensuring the sustainable functioning of all sectors of the economy. This article is devoted to the study of the modern causes of malicious cyber activity in relation to the spheres of the Russian economy, the history and evolution of cyber-attacks in the world. The chronology of the largest cyberattacks and their consequences is given. The analysis of modern cyberattacks on critical infrastructures as a form of aggression is given. The article presents the current state of cybersecurity of CII facilities, as well as the main sources and methods of implementing attacks on information resources. The statistics of cyber threats to the information resources of the Russian Federation and the consequences of cyber-attacks by spheres of activity are given. The current review of legislative and organizational measures to develop immediate counteraction measures is shown.